S&T

Pharmaceuticals

The presence of amorphous material in pharmaceutical products can introduce significant challenges during manufacturing, storage, and delivery due to properties that differ from those of crystalline material. When formulating amorphous powders, it is essential to precisely understand the critical regions that affect stability.

These stability regions help predict the occurrence of moisture-induced phase transitions and have a major influence on final formulation performance.

Water acts as a plasticizer and can substantially lower the glass transition temperature, potentially triggering spontaneous phase transitions. Since these metastable states have the potential to convert into crystalline forms, a thorough understanding of both the glass transition temperature and the relative humidity conditions that drive the amorphous-to-crystalline transition is required.

These transition conditions can be effectively analyzed and visualized through Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) and Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) experiments.

DVS Application Note 35: Determining the Moisture-Induced Glass Transition in an Amorphous Pharmaceutical Material. [Request a copy]

Food

The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a key property in the characterization of food products. Polymers and natural macromolecules such as maltose exhibit a Tg, which can influence the stability and physicochemical properties of food powders and formulations.

Using iGC-SEA (Inverse Gas Chromatography – Surface Energy Analyzer) under infinite dilution conditions, second-order phase transition effects of substances such as maltose can be rapidly measured across a range of relative humidity conditions — enabling the determination of the product's glass transition temperature. This application note presents a case study on the measurement of maltose Tg using Inverse Gas Chromatography (iGC).

iGC-SEA Application Note 204: Determination of the Glass Transition Temperatures, Tg, of Maltose and its Dependence on Relative Humidity by Infinite Dilution Inverse Gas Chromatography (iGC-SEA). [Request a copy]

Polymers

The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a fundamental property that defines the behavior and applications of amorphous polymers. Polymer Tg is strongly influenced by humidity, as water acts as a plasticizer and lowers the Tg. A precise understanding of the stable temperature and humidity ranges is essential for optimizing polymer functionality and durability.

iGC-SEA (Inverse Gas Chromatography – Surface Energy Analyzer) is a highly sensitive tool for measuring polymer Tg, and when combined with Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) through humidity ramping experiments, it enables precise analysis of these properties.

iGC-SEA Application Note 303: An Overview of iGC-SEA – a New Instrument for Characterizing the Physico-Chemical Properties of Polymers. [Request a copy]

Pharmaceuticals

The presence of amorphous material in pharmaceutical products can introduce significant challenges during manufacturing, storage, and delivery due to properties that differ from those of crystalline material. When formulating amorphous powders, it is essential to precisely understand the critical regions that affect stability. These stability regions help predict the occurrence of moisture-induced phase transitions and have a major influence on final formulation performance.

Water acts as a plasticizer and can substantially lower the glass transition temperature, potentially triggering spontaneous phase transitions. Since these metastable states have the potential to convert into crystalline forms, a thorough understanding of both the glass transition temperature and the relative humidity conditions that drive the amorphous-to-crystalline transition is required. These transition conditions can be effectively analyzed and visualized through Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) and Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) experiments.

DVS Application Note 35: Determining the Moisture-Induced Glass Transition in an Amorphous Pharmaceutical Material. [Request a copy]

Food

The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a key property in the characterization of food products. Polymers and natural macromolecules such as maltose exhibit a Tg, which can influence the stability and physicochemical properties of food powders and formulations.

Using iGC-SEA (Inverse Gas Chromatography – Surface Energy Analyzer) under infinite dilution conditions, second-order phase transition effects of substances such as maltose can be rapidly measured across a range of relative humidity conditions — enabling the determination of the product's glass transition temperature. This application note presents a case study on the measurement of maltose Tg using Inverse Gas Chromatography (iGC).

iGC-SEA Application Note 204: Determination of the Glass Transition Temperatures, Tg, of Maltose and its Dependence on Relative Humidity by Infinite Dilution Inverse Gas Chromatography (iGC-SEA). [Request a copy]

Polymers

The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a fundamental property that defines the behavior and applications of amorphous polymers. Polymer Tg is strongly influenced by humidity, as water acts as a plasticizer and lowers the Tg. A precise understanding of the stable temperature and humidity ranges is essential for optimizing polymer functionality and durability.

iGC-SEA (Inverse Gas Chromatography – Surface Energy Analyzer) is a highly sensitive tool for measuring polymer Tg, and when combined with Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) through humidity ramping experiments, it enables precise analysis of these properties.

iGC-SEA Application Note 303: An Overview of iGC-SEA – a New Instrument for Characterizing the Physico-Chemical Properties of Polymers. [Request a copy]